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DOE’s high flux sources enable faster data collection than before, but the existing furnaces and cryostats used for heating and cooling the samples significantly prohibit the efficient utilization of the valuable neutron beam time for experiments. An advancement in the technology and design of neutron scattering compatible cryostats and furnaces that can speed up the cooling and heating is neede ...

Modern materials science experiments are pushing towards several frontiers: 1) faster data collection rates, for example the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) and National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) at BNL alone generates data in the range of 500TB/week, 2) larger arrays of detectors with higher pixel counts, 3) multi-modal measurement of elemental, structural, chemical, and phy ...

X-ray detection and imaging are broadly applied for non-invasive medical diagnostics, security, industry material inspection and scientific research. X-ray passes through the human body forming an image revealing tissues or organs inside of the human body due to their different X-ray attenuation abilities. To achieve fast and safe X-ray diagnostics, a low-cost, sensitive X-ray imager is highly dem ...

The Department of Energy is interested in technologies that support the sustainable production of fuels, chemicals, and other bioproducts from plant biomass, to offset the nation’s reliance on fossil resources. The plant cell wall of energy crops provides the largest reservoir of raw materials for bioproducts. However, the widespread use of plant cell walls is hampered by their complexity and re ...

The identification of structure-property-processing relationships require dynamical models that can access multitude of length spanning nanometers to microns and timescales spanning picoseconds to seconds. Despite its widespread availability of a variety of open source and commercial codes as well as their usage in various flavors, the predictive power of molecular dynamics (MD) is severely limite ...

The intermittency of solar photovoltaic and wind-based power plants places a significant burden on natural gas power plants, requiring that they ramp up and down quickly to compensate for unexpected changes in renewable electricity supply. Natural gas plants operate most efficiently with the lowest emissions per unit power at their peak output, not while operating at part power or while ramping up ...

The photoinjector is the key component of electron accelerators such as Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The driving laser system that emits laser pulses on the photocathode inside the photoinjector determines the basic properties of the electron beam like sequence in time, their duration, and the amount of bunch charge. Traditional driving laser syst ...

Tensors are fundamental building blocks in a wide range of high-performance computer applications including Artificial Intelligence (e.g., Deep Neural Networks) and Numerical Model and Simulation (e.g., Finite Element codes). High Performance Computer platforms are increasingly heterogeneous, with upcoming exascale platforms using heterogeneous processors (e.g., Intel Sapphire Rapids, Nvidia Grace ...

Current domestic end-to-end production of diffraction-limited, curved, long x-ray mirrors cannot meet the required specifications due to manufacturing-induced high- and mid- spatial-frequency errors. This proposal aims to address manufacturing shortfalls and utilize state-of-the-art metrology to mature the manufacture of precision x-ray mirrors within the United States. Through comprehensive atten ...